Renal Disease

Breeds Prone to Kidney Disease Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to kidney issues. Labrador Retrievers are known to develop familial renal disease, while Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to glomerulonephritis, a condition that affects the kidney’s filtering units. Dachshunds and Yorkshire Terriers may be born with renal dysplasia, a developmental abnormality of the kidneys. Bull Terriers are prone to polycystic kidney disease, and Shar Peis often suffer from amyloidosis, a condition where abnormal proteins accumulate in the kidneys. Doberman Pinschers are also commonly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. For these breeds, early screening is essential—even before symptoms appear—to catch kidney issues early and begin supportive care. Common Causes and Symptoms Kidney disease can be caused by a variety of factors. Aging is the most common, particularly in small breeds over ten years old. Exposure to toxins such as antifreeze, grapes, or certain medications can also damage the kidneys. Infections like leptospirosis, dental disease, genetic predisposition, and even dehydration or heat stroke can contribute to kidney dysfunction. Symptoms of kidney disease often develop gradually and may include increased thirst and urination, loss of appetite, vomiting or diarrhea, weight loss, lethargy, bad breath or mouth ulcers, pale gums, and in some cases, blood in the urine. Recognizing these signs early and seeking veterinary care can make a significant difference in your dog’s outcome. The Link Between Diabetes and Kidney Disease There’s a strong connection between diabetes and kidney disease in dogs. Studies show that up to 50% of diabetic dogs may develop kidney disease within five years of diagnosis. Diabetes damages the small blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste. Conversely, kidney disease can interfere with insulin metabolism, making diabetes harder to manage. If your dog has either condition—especially if they are older or overweight—it’s important to screen for the other. Early detection allows for more effective treatment and dietary management. Treatment and Management Managing kidney disease involves a combination of dietary changes, hydration support, medications, and regular monitoring. Renal diets that are low in phosphorus and moderate in protein help reduce the kidneys’ workload. Hydration is critical, so feeding moist foods, adding broths, and ensuring access to fresh water are essential. Medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, reduce phosphorus levels, or manage nausea. Routine blood and urine testing helps track disease progression and adjust treatment as needed. Why Prescription Diets May Be Premature While prescription renal diets are often recommended, over-restricting protein too soon can lead to muscle loss and poor appetite. Additionally, some dogs simply refuse to eat prescription diets due to taste or texture. Whole-food diets, when properly formulated, can be more appropriate and palatable, especially for underweight dogs or those with concurrent conditions. Whole-Food Renal Diet Essentials A whole-food renal diet can be one of the most effective ways to support dogs with kidney disease. These diets are typically moisture-rich and made from fresh, digestible ingredients. High-quality proteins like egg whites, turkey, and white fish provide essential amino acids without overloading the kidneys. Carbohydrates such as white rice, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin offer energy and are easy to digest. Vegetables like green beans, carrots, and zucchini add fiber and nutrients. Healthy fats from fish oil or flaxseed oil support anti-inflammatory processes, while calcium sources like eggshell powder or calcium carbonate help balance phosphorus levels. Potassium-rich foods like cooked squash and renal-specific multivitamins can help replace nutrients lost due to kidney dysfunction. Hydration is also key—moisture-rich foods and added broths can help prevent dehydration and reduce kidney strain. Foods to Avoid Certain foods can worsen kidney disease and should be avoided. These include high-phosphorus items like organ meats, egg yolks, and dairy; excess protein sources like raw meats and beef; high-sodium foods such as deli meats and canned goods; and high-potassium foods like bananas and spinach in later stages of kidney disease. Processed and fatty foods like bacon and fried treats should also be avoided. Toxic foods such as grapes, raisins, chocolate, onions, and garlic are especially dangerous and should never be fed to dogs. Safe Herbs for Kidney Support Some herbs can be safely used to support kidney function when introduced carefully and under veterinary supervision. Dandelion is rich in potassium and supports detoxification. Parsley helps balance urinary pH. Horsetail may reduce uric acid levels when used short-term. Couch grass soothes the urinary tract, while Rehmannia and Astragalus are often used in traditional Chinese medicine to support kidney and immune function. Always start with low doses and monitor your dog’s response closely. Why Kibble Can Be Dehydrating Dry kibble contains only about 8% moisture, which increases your dog’s water demand for digestion. This can be especially problematic for dogs with poor appetite or those already prone to dehydration. In contrast, wet or fresh food contains 70–80% moisture, making it far more hydrating and easier on the kidneys. Hydration Tips To support hydration, offer wet or fresh food, add water or bone broth to meals, use pet fountains to encourage drinking, and provide ice cubes or frozen treats as fun, cooling options. Soy-Free or Low-Soy Renal Diet Options For pet parents seeking soy-free options, there are several renal-support diets available. Waggin Meals Renal Support (Fresh Frozen) is moisture-rich, low in protein, phosphorus, and sodium, and completely soy-free. Forza10 Nutraceutic Renal Support (Wet) includes dandelion root and is also soy-free. Some formulas of Hill’s Prescription Diet k/d are soy-free—check labels or consult your vet. Royal Canin Renal Support includes some options with hydrolyzed soy, so reviewing ingredients is important. Homemade renal diets, when approved and balanced by a canine nutritionist, can also be a great option. Why Work with a Canine Nutritionist? A canine nutritionist can help ensure your dog’s diet is balanced, complete, and tailored to their specific needs. They will assess your dog’s medical condition, review lab results and symptoms, and set nutritional goals such as lowering phosphorus, moderating protein, and increasing omega-3 intake. They’ll select appropriate ingredients, balance the diet using professional software to meet AAFCO or NRC standards, and customize the plan based on your dog’s weight, activity level, preferences, and stage of disease. A Real-World Example: Waggin Meals Kidney Support Diet The Waggin Meals Special Meal Kidney Support Diet is a great example of a thoughtfully formulated renal diet. Created by an animal nutritionist, it uses real whole foods and contains moderate levels of high-quality, bioavailable animal proteins like fish, chicken, and turkey. It’s low in phosphorus and includes natural binders, making it easier on the kidneys. The diet is rich in B vitamins, potassium, and omega-3 fatty acids to support kidney function and replace nutrients lost due to kidney disease. It’s also low in fat, making it suitable for dogs with concurrent fat intolerance or pancreatitis, and avoids fillers, soy, and synthetic additives—focusing instead on palatability and nutrient absorption. Final Thoughts Kidney disease can be a daunting diagnosis, but with the right knowledge and support, you can make a big difference in your dog’s health and happiness. From early screening and breed-specific awareness to whole-food diets and integrative therapies, there are many ways to help your dog thrive. Nutrition is one of the most powerful tools you have—so use it wisely, and always work with professionals who understand your dog’s unique needs. If you would like more information regarding this topic, please contact me. Important Note: Always consult your veterinarian before making any changes to your dog’s diet, especially if they are on medications. Some foods and supplements may interact with prescribed treatments, and your vet can help ensure any changes are safe and supportive for your dog’s unique needs.

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